2008 Financial Crisis the Large Financial Institution Failed

The U.S. economy experienced a deep recession in years of 2008 through 2009. A huge factor in this was the number of large financial institutions that failed. Also, the stock market declined significantly which can be contributed to the bailout plan that was passed by our government. Third, spreads on many different types of loans over comparable U.S. Treasury securities has expanded significantly (Chari, Christiano, amp; Kehoe, 2008). The financial crisis is the result of the collapse of the housing bubble in the U.S., which can be seen as the starting point of a crisis in the global economy afterward. The sudden financial crisis and the unexpected economic collapse in 2008 came as a shock to many because the speed and severity of the†¦show more content†¦In that situation, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) banned short sales. The financial crisis in America had spread to Europe. Banks in the UK bear the greatest impact from the credit crisis sub-prime housing loans in the U.S. For example, Northern Rock Bank had a bad debt account of up to 191.6 billion U.S. dollars in July 2008 and the Bank of England had to pump 27 billion pounds to rescue Northern Rock Bank. At the end of September 2008, there were some other big banks in Europe such as Dexia and Hypo Real Estate falling in the crisis and these banks were rescured by the governements throught financial bailout. (Alexander, 2008) The banking system, stock market, and financial markets in Russia were also seriously affected. Russian government had to pump tens of billions of dollars to rescue financial markets and banking system of the country. In the last three months of 2008, under the general decline in the global stock market, numerous Asian stock markets were in free fall. The key stock index such as Nikkei 225 in Japan, Hangseng in Hongkong and Sensex in India suffered significant drops. (Rose amp; Spiegel, 2009) Financial crisis is really a major concern for all economies in the world. Every time a crisis occurs, companies, banks and financial institutions should draw their own lessons, because if the lessons are not recognized, they may still go on the trail of failure ofShow MoreRelatedHelping The United States During The Time Of Financial Crisis1103 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the world assisted in regaining the financial system and bringing the economy back to good terms at the peak of the financial crisis. Together they helped stop the financial system from upturning, and with tremendous effort, helped reestablish financial and economic stability. The United States’ central bank is known as the Federal Reserve, and they are accountable for making sure the country’s financial system functions effortlessly. During the crisis of 2007-2009 the Federal Reserve was passiveRead MoreBank Of America s Financial Crisis1744 Words   |  7 PagesBank of America in the 2008 Financia l Crisis – An Even Bigger Financial Giant Suffered Losses and Lawsuits from Risky Behavior Summary of Bank of America in the Financial Crisis As one of the largest banking holding companies, Bank of America has taken a significant role during the whole process of the financial crisis. Compared with financial institutions whose business focused on specific fields, like investment banks or mortgage companies, Bank of Along got involved in activitiesRead MoreBanking of Uk1564 Words   |  7 Pages1. The financial crisis of 2007/2008 and its impact on the UK and other economies Do you still feel vague about the causes and the effects of the financial crisis of 2007/8? Are you preparing for a job interview in either the private or public sector? The events of 2007/8 have shaped both the current UK commercial and business scene and are now having a massive effect on the public sector. Similar impacts are being felt across Europe and the wider world. Knowing a bit more about what happenedRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2008-10 And Its Impact On The Financial Health Of The Institutions999 Words   |  4 Pages The Global financial crisis has been described as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of the 1930’s. This was a Financial Crisis and affected terribly the banks of the United States of America. The banks during this time had low capital base and suffered from a serious liquidity crunch. Leveraging was very common at this time. This increased financial instability of the banks called for major changes in the financial regulations by the government. This essay will discuss theRead MoreFactors Responsible For The Global Financial Crisis1430 Words   |  6 Pages we are trying to look at the factors responsible for the global financial crisis in 2008-09 which started in US and later spread across the world. By now, a lot of studies have been done on the global financial crisis of 2008. We explain briefly the role of the financial engineering which leads to combination of various financial securities, the actual risk of which is not clearly assessed and hence leading to the financial crisis. There were also some serious lapses in regulation and failure ofRead MoreNotes On Credit Default Swaps1401 Words   |  6 PagesCredit Default Swaps Another financial vehicle that could be problematic was CDS (credit default swap). CDS is a financial derivative works like insurance on securities. The underwriter is obligated to pay a pre-determined fee to counterparty if a certain security default. In return, underwriters charge a fee as compensation. CDS can be used to hedge against risks. However there are still some difference between a CDS and an insurance contract. The CDS does not require buyers to actually hold underlyingRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 : Deregulation And Corruption1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe Financial Crisis of 2008: Deregulation Corruption There has been a debate for years on what caused the Financial Crisis in 2008 and if there was one main cause, or a series of unfortunate events that led to the crisis. The crisis began when the market was no longer funding many financial entities. The Federal Reserve then lowered the federal funds rate from 5.25% to almost zero percent in December 2008. The Federal Government realized that this was not enough and decided to bail out Bear StearnsRead MoreThe Big Short1293 Words   |  6 Pagestransparent, the bond market consisted of primarily large institutions and escaped serious regulation. This lack of legislative control played a great part in allowing the credit default swaps on subprime mortgage bonds, CDO’s, and the eventual collapse of the subprime market. Following the subprime mortgage crisis, the Department of the Treasury released a new regulatory plan, The Department of the Treasury Blueprint for a Modernized Financial Regulatory Structure, which is referred t o as â€Å"theRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Caused By The Foreclosure Crisis1534 Words   |  7 PagesBefore the pre-2008 economic recession era, people were ignorant of what was bound to happen. Life was a party. Incomes were steadily rising: most people in every financial class had a credit card, a family to support, and an opportunity to do so by moving into the biggest house they could find. Mortgage loans were given out to anybody with a heartbeat and credit rating, this is called a subprime mortgage. If somebody wanted a new home they could get it, no matter if they could afford it or not.Read MoreWhite Collar Crime Report : Red Collar Crimes1585 Words   |  7 Pagesbut it is also a decade of widespread corporate criminality. The number of activities that involved acts committed through deceits and motivated by financial gain has increased considerably. Terms such as â€Å"Corporate Crime† or â€Å"White Collar Crime† are used to describe a variety of these a ctivities. In 2008, the U.S. economy faced its most dangerous crisis since the great depression in the 1930’s. The contagion, which began in 2007 when inflated home prices deceivably turned downward, spread quickly

Sexual, Gender, And Gender - 964 Words

Sex refers to biological identity male or female while gender refers to social expectation and behaviors assigned to each sex, but not everyone conform this expectation we can say that gender is based on self-concept and the way we interact with others this is formed through social life(family ,friends , religion , media†¦)where a lot of behaviors are shaped through what is socially accepted and what is not which for example even though many people are not naturally born into these gender expectation there is a strong set of ideas built about how â€Å"normal† men and women should look and act, with all of this associated mostly with masculinity and femininity for example men become doctors and women become nurses, men are the breadwinners and women take care of home and children, boys play with trucks and girls play with dolls men are tall and muscular and women are petite ,thin and sensitive and of Couse men are supposed to marry women and only this anything else is a n undesirable and not accepted there is no place for intersex people too. â€Å"Intersex† is a term used for a many conditions in which is someone who is born with a different sexual anatomy that is not what you can call typical female or male. For example, a person might be born appearing to be female on the outside, but having mostly male characteristic anatomy on the inside. Or they be born with genitals organ that seem to be in-between the natural male and female types. nobody consider that situation or even talkShow MoreRelatedGender, Sexual, And Gender1091 Words   |  5 Pagesyour gender is somewhat up to you. Your gender can vary and change over time. It could have a different meaning depending on the culture, a geographic location, or even a specific group of individuals. â€Å"Gender refers to the attitudes, feelings and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person s biological sex. Behaviors that is compatible with cultural expectations is referred to as gender†normative; behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non†Read MoreGender, Sexual, And Gender862 Words   |  4 PagesWithin Western society, frequently, we hear the terms ‘gender’ and ‘sex’. However, each of these terms are used interchangeably and therefore incorrectly. We are born, assigned a sex, and sent out into the world. For many people, this is cause for little, if any conflict. However biological sex and gender are contrasting; gender is not inherently nor solely connected to an individual’s physical anatomy. Even so, one’s biological gender or ‘sex’ is determined at birth through physical attributes,Read MoreGender, Gender And Sexual Orientation Essay2043 Words   |  9 Pageslegislation has been passed to rectify past oppression of racial, gender and sexual orientation groups, America remains a patriarchal society whose institutions are structurally desig ned to favor white, cisgender, heterosexual males. The film Higher Learning, brings to light this issue of institutional racism, while perpetuating in majority of the male characters what the ideal man represents and how that is related to racial issues and sexual orientation in the film. Issues of homosexuality is not onlyRead MoreGender, Gender And Sexual Norms1399 Words   |  6 Pageshas been shaped by changing ideas about gender, sexuality, race, and class. The institution of the family has changed but it has also remained the same in some aspects. Society’s acceptance of changes in gender and sexual norms have reshaped representations of the family. Betty Friedan, Barbara Ehrenreich, and Dorothy Sue Cobble have written articles that pertain to the changing of the institution. As the American society changes its views on gender and sexual norms, sometimes through movements, itRead MoreGender And Gender Development : Sexuality And Sexual Behaviors905 Words   |  4 Pag eshumans consistently experience changes throughout in different areas including sexual, physical, social, and emotional. In looking at sexual development, several theorists have developed explanations governing sexuality and sexual behaviors. In my Critical Annotation of the book â€Å"Sex Gender: An Introduction (6th ed.)† I reviewed stances from several theorists on sexual/gender development. According to Freud, gender development occurs as a â€Å"response to early interactions with caretakers† (Lips,Read MoreThe Sexual Orientation And Gender1455 Words   |  6 Pages The two individuals I interviewed are homosexual males that differ from me in their sexual orientation and gender. I met my first interviewee for an hour on Wednesday, September 21st, and I met my second interviewee for an hour on Wednesday, September 28th. Through these interviews, I learned a great deal about each individual and it allowed me to gain insight into each of their lives. The first individual I interviewed is named Brandon and lives in Lebanon, Missouri. He was born in Osage BeachRead MoreGender And Sexual Attitudes And Behavior1520 Words   |  7 Pagesculture it is certain there are gender dissimilarities in the topic of sexuality. Over time scholarly work has proved an abundant amount of different components correlating to the difference in sexuality resulting in the distinctions of sexual behaviors as well as attitudes among males and females. Difference in sexual attitudes and behavior can be seen between genders across various studies. This research study indicates the differences in sexuality according to gender. It is known that most malesRead MoreFemisim, Sexual and Gender Equality1153 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism/Gender and Orientational Equality Even though many say that the idea of allowing same sex would be against Gods will, and that women are also the lesser sex of the two binary genders, as well that it is unnatural for people to be transgender, everyone, regardless of gender (binary or otherwise) and Sexual/Romantic orientations, deserves equal rights in all cases. Because in only seventeen of fifty states, homosexual couples have marriage rights. This leaves thirty-three states with thoseRead MoreGender Identity And Sexual Identity869 Words   |  4 Pages When I first started thinking about gender roles and how they influence us, I wanted to argue for how things have gotten more equal for both sexes in our society. Women and men alike have gradually shifted into roles once believed to be the sole territory of either one sex or the other, making gender equality highly valued by most people now-a-days. We also now acknowledge the differences between gender identity and sexual identity, and the roles that transgender, bisexual, gay/lesbian, and heterosexualRead MoreGender, Sexual Orientation And Education1746 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, there are divides that impede the movement of progress. These divides may disperse around a number of issues that revolve around gender, religion, sexual orientation and education. These divides have created an un-opened minded society that judge people and groups based on the prejudices and stereotypes that treat them differently. In the aspect of identity discrimination, American society plays a big role in keeping those that are different isolated from the rest of the world

Is Prohibition A Appropriate S Essay Research free essay sample

Is Prohibition A Appropriate S Essay, Research Paper Is Prohibition an Appropriate Standard? Richard Dennis, the writer of Chemical Dependence: Opposing Point of views, says that # 8220 ; The appropriate criterion in make up ones minding if a drug should be huffy ; e legal for grownups ought to be whether it is more likely than intoxicant to do injury to an guiltless party. If non, censoring it can non be justified while intoxicant remains legal. # 8221 ; By using Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion to the prohibition of marihuana in the United States, the logical determination would be that it is undue to censor the usage of marihuana. This is due to the fact that # 8220 ; alcohol-related offenses in the United States account for 54 per centum of slayings and attempted slayings, 68 per centum of manslaughters, 52 per centum of rape/sexual assaults, and 48 per centum of robberies # 8221 ; ( FADAA ) , accordingly it can be concluded that intoxicant is more likely than marihuanas to do injury to an guiltless party. Alcohol is still legal even though it is associated with an obscene sum of offense in the United States, along with the fact that intoxicant is the ingredient that causes 1000s of auto accidents. Dennis therefore believes that this is adequate justification to either legalize marihuana, or forbid the usage of intoxicant. Is Richard Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion for legalising drugs appropriate to use to the legalisation of marihuana in the United States? Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion is formulated for the interest of drug argument. This criterion was devised to back up the motion to legalise marihuana. His position is that the authorities can non hold a rational statement against the legalisation of marihuana when intoxicant is legal. This is due to the fact that intoxicant is more damaging to society, than marihuana. This is beliing the Torahs of America. The challenge is turn outing that marihuana is less harmful than intoxicant. If this is proven, so does that intend that both drugs should be legalized, or illegalized? Than morality is so the issue. The statement # 8220 ; two wrongs don # 8217 ; Ts make a right # 8221 ; , seems appropriate. The fact is that the prohibiting of what a good part of society is making, and does non happen morally incorrect, has been proven in the yesteryear to non work. This is because the prohibition of intoxicant in the 1920 # 8217 ; s caused more offense, and endanger the citizens who ignored the prohibition, due to the deficiency of ordinance. Persons will exert their single rights, beyond doubt. John Stuart Mill in his book # 8220 ; On Liberty # 8221 ; provinces that, # 8220 ; To individualism should belong the portion of life in which it is chiefly the person that is interested ; to society, the portion which chiefly involvements society # 8221 ; ( 73 ) . Mill believes that if a individual # 8217 ; s behavior does non consequence society, so the authorities should non step in, therefore the determination should be left entirely to the person. Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion follows John Stuart Mill # 8217 ; s philosophy on individualism. It is apparent that intoxicant # 8217 ; s effects reach manner beyond the person, therefore the issue of whether marihuana creates any societal reverberations demands to be explored. It must besides be determined whether the American authorities # 8217 ; s war on marihuana is doing more harm than good. If America # 8217 ; s intercession is doing more injury, so Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion is farther supported. Marijuana from a hazard point of view is far less unsafe than intoxicant. Alcohol is estimated to kill 30 thousand people, straight, a twelvemonth. The usage of intoxicant and baccy is responsible for 95 per centum of the 500,000 deceases caused, each twelvemonth, while merely one per centum is from drug users ( Nagorney ) . # 8220 ; Even though 26 1000000s of Americans use marihuanas each twelvemonth, no 1 who is merely seeking to acquire high dies from marijuana # 8221 ; ( Violence ) . # 8220 ; The sum of THC, the chief psychotropic substance in marihuana, needed to kill person is 40,000 times the sum needed to acquire high, whereas the sum of intoxicant can be every bit low as 4 to 1 ( Sam ) . Therefore, the societal impact, on deceases of citizens due to utilize of marihuana is minuscular, and no comparing to the figure of deceases caused by intoxicant. It is virtually impossible to o.d. from smoking marihuana. Marijuana unlike intoxicant is non physically habit-forming. Since dependence is a danger to society, marihuana would non present to be a menace to American citizens. Marijuana can genuinely be considered a recreational drug . Marijuana has besides been argued to be a â€Å"gateway drug† , which is really a myth. The statement originated from the fact that marihuana is illegal and is sold through a black market. This causes harder drugs to be offered along with marihuana by the drug traders. It’s non that marijuana it self is a â€Å"gateway† drug it is that society, through prohibition, instead than ordinance, has created a black market. Still, nevertheless, there are 70 million people who have tried marihuana, and merely one million people who have tried cocaine. That is rather a little gate. ( Dennis 140 ) Interestingly plenty, Holland, since marihuana has been legalized, cocaine, diacetylmorphine, and the usage of other difficult drugs has declined ( Myths ) . So, legalisation is a enticement to acquire people back through the gate. The statement has been made that # 8220 ; Legal marijuana would do slaughter on the main road # 8221 ; . Thought marihuana is a hallucinogenic with effects similar to alcohol, 85 per centum of marihuana users who caused traffic accidents were besides drunk on intoxicant. In add-on, in provinces were the punishments for marijuana ownership were reduced, a rise in marihuana usage was reported, but they besides experienced a diminution in intoxicant usage, which lowered the sum of motor vehicle accidents. It seems, since intoxicant is more harmful to society than marihuana, that through the legalisation of marihuana the societal deductions of intoxicant appears to be reduced. By turn outing this thought to be true, Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion would demo to be appropriate. Due to the thought that intoxicant # 8217 ; s injury does travel beyond the single, society would profit by pulling people off from the more damaging option. Meaning that though Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion is ment ioning to the justification, if his logical thinking was followed, societal benefits would besides happen. The American authorities spends 75 billion dollars of taxpayer # 8217 ; s money yearly on the prohibition of marihuana. Through the legalisation of marihuana, that waste would so be eliminated. Besides the legalisation, decriminalisation, ordinance, and revenue enhancement of marihuana, would do big sums of gross to be produced. This could travel towards something other than a losing conflict. If marihuana was legalized, our authorities would profit from an excess 12 and a half billion dollars a twelvemonth from revenue enhancement gross ( Dennis138 ) . In add-on, marihuana can be used for medicative intents, to relieve symptoms of malignant neoplastic disease, AIDS, glaucoma, or multiple induration. Through the ordinance of legalize marihuana, underage usage could be controlled, the merchandising of corrupt marihuana could be prevented, and the black market will be virtually eradicated. All of these points will greatly profit society, and do what American citizens are making anyhow , safer and more good. An statement that arises against the benefits of legalising marihuana is by legalising marihuana, America will be compromising their citizens. However, the occupation of the authorities is non the instillment of ethical motives. Moral values are fathered, by faith, household, and are influenced by society, and civilization. Identifying what ethical motives to value, is an single determination. To follow the beliefs of John Stuart Mill, leave what effects the person to the person. The determination to smoke marihuanas should be left up to the person. Equally long as marihuana is smoked responsibly, the societal benefits outweigh the nonexistent societal reverberations. In decision, Richard Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion for the legalisation of drugs is appropriate for statement # 8217 ; s interest. His rationale inquiries the logical thinking of the authorities and discredits their aims. If the authorities is seeking to protect society from harmful drugs, so holding alcohol legal is a contradiction in footings. The two societal drugs legal in the United States, intoxicant and baccy, are extremely habit-forming. Alcoholism is one of the most preventable unwellnesss ; yet 7 out of 10 grownups drink intoxicant. Of these, one out of seven is an alcoholic ( FADAA ) . Though Dennis # 8217 ; s criterion does non straight back up the legalisation of marihuana, it inquiries the authorization of the authorities, and discredits the # 8220 ; because I say so # 8221 ; authorization, which is a misdemeanor of civil autonomy. Dennis # 8217 ; s standard suitably supports the demand to oppugn the justification of the authorities # 8217 ; s prohibition of marihu ana. 344

Romeo And Juliet Essays (375 words) - English-language Films

Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet, is a story of two young lovers, whose love was destined for destruction. They did not imagine that their love would lead to the tragedies that it did. These two young people did nothing wrong except fall in love. Three aspects of their destruction included the feud between the two families, the nurse and her betrayal of Juliet and the most important aspect of all is fate. The feud between the two families was one factor that contributed to the love of Romeo and Juliet being destined for destruction. "From ancient grudge break to new mutiny". (Romeo & Juliet, Prologue, pg.2 l.3) The two families, Montagues and Capulets, had many problems. There was hate between the two families so much so that even the servants hated each other. This feud would have caused many problems for Romeo and Juliet: These two young lovers knew this and this is why they kept their marriage a secret. If their parents discovered their secret, they would have made their children's lives miserable. Romeo and Juliet would not have been able to see each other. Both of these families were very stubborn and there was hardly any thing that would have made them become friends. In the prologue we learn that the only way the "strife" could be ended was by the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. "Doth with their death bury their parent's strife". (Romeo & Juliet, Prologue, l.8) Neither the Montagues or the Capulets would have accepted the marriage. Keeping the marriage a secret caused Romeo and Juliet to turn to other people for help. Sometimes these people gave them the wrong advice or just betrayed them. The Nurse was one of these characters who betrayed the young couple. The Nurse who was also Juliet's friend turned against her at a very crucial time. The Nurse told Juliet that it would be best if she married Paris. "I think it best you married with the county". (Romeo & Juliet, pg.101, III, v, l.219) This betrayal by the Nurse left Juliet alone. She was a wise young woman but it still would have been beneficial for her to have the help of the Nurse. Juliet was left on her own to make some very important decisions. I believe that if the Nurse had been around to help Juliet things may have turned out differently.

Free Essays on Thanks To My Mother

Thanks to My Mother by Schoschana Rabinovici is one of the most moving memoirs I have ever read about the Holocaust. Born Susie Weksler, Rabinovici was only eight when Hitler's forces invaded her Lithuanian city of Vilnius, a great center for Jewish learning and culture. Soon after, her family faced hunger and fear in the Jewish ghetto, but the worse was yet to come. When the ghetto is liquidated, some Jews are selected for forced labor camps and the rest are killed. Susie would live because of her mother's courage and ingenuity. She carries Susie, hidden in a back pack, to the group destined for the labor camps. Susie is disguised as an adult to fool the guards into believing she is 17. Her mother cares for her body and soul through gruesome conditions in three concentration camps and a winter death march. This is a haunting book. It is amazing what the human spirit can endure when there is only a bit of hope. Susie's mother is determined that not only will they both survive, but that she will retain her humanity in the process, often sharing rations and thinking of ways to help other prisoners. Rabinovici is unsparing in her recollections: she describes "selections" when babies abandoned by their mothers are trampled, a bathhouse abortion, and a hellish journey on the cargo deck of a ship where the passengers are sprayed with feces and vomit. The only concession made to younger readers is footnotes that define religious, political and historic terms. Its biggest fault is that the author lacks the redemptive vision of, for example, Livia Bitton-Jackson in I Have Lived a Thousand Years. Readers whose interests include Holocaust testimonies and do not depend on literary polish, and are mentally prepared for the harshness of Rabinovici's experiences, will come away with renewed appreciation of the extraordinary fortitude required to survive those dire times.... Free Essays on Thanks To My Mother Free Essays on Thanks To My Mother Thanks to My Mother by Schoschana Rabinovici is one of the most moving memoirs I have ever read about the Holocaust. Born Susie Weksler, Rabinovici was only eight when Hitler's forces invaded her Lithuanian city of Vilnius, a great center for Jewish learning and culture. Soon after, her family faced hunger and fear in the Jewish ghetto, but the worse was yet to come. When the ghetto is liquidated, some Jews are selected for forced labor camps and the rest are killed. Susie would live because of her mother's courage and ingenuity. She carries Susie, hidden in a back pack, to the group destined for the labor camps. Susie is disguised as an adult to fool the guards into believing she is 17. Her mother cares for her body and soul through gruesome conditions in three concentration camps and a winter death march. This is a haunting book. It is amazing what the human spirit can endure when there is only a bit of hope. Susie's mother is determined that not only will they both survive, but that she will retain her humanity in the process, often sharing rations and thinking of ways to help other prisoners. Rabinovici is unsparing in her recollections: she describes "selections" when babies abandoned by their mothers are trampled, a bathhouse abortion, and a hellish journey on the cargo deck of a ship where the passengers are sprayed with feces and vomit. The only concession made to younger readers is footnotes that define religious, political and historic terms. Its biggest fault is that the author lacks the redemptive vision of, for example, Livia Bitton-Jackson in I Have Lived a Thousand Years. Readers whose interests include Holocaust testimonies and do not depend on literary polish, and are mentally prepared for the harshness of Rabinovici's experiences, will come away with renewed appreciation of the extraordinary fortitude required to survive those dire times....

Samarium Facts - Sm or Element 62

Samarium Facts - Sm or Element 62 Samarium or Sm is a rare earth element or lanthanide with atomic number 62. Like other elements in the group, it is a shiny metal under ordinary conditions. Here is a collection of interesting samarium facts, including its uses and properties: Samarium Properties, History, and Uses Samarium was the first element to be named in honor of a person (an element eponym). It was discovered in 1879 by  French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran after he added  ammonium hydroxide to the preparation made from the mineral samarskite. Samarskite gets its name from its discoverer and the man who loaned Boisbaudran the mineral samples for his study Russian mining engineer  V.E. Samarsky-Bukjovets.Ingesting the right dose of samarium chloride will allow it to bind with alcohol and prevent you from getting intoxicated.Its unknown exactly how toxic samarium is. Its insoluble compounds are considered non-toxic, while the soluble salts may be mildly poisonous. There is some evidence samarium helps stimulate metabolism. It is not an essential element for human nutrition. When salts of samarium are ingested, only about 0.05% of the element is absorbed, while the rest is immediately excreted. Of the absorbed metal, about 45% goes to the liver and 45% is deposited onto bone surfaces. The remainder of the absorbed metal is eventually excreted. The samarium on bones remains in the body for around 10 years. Samarium is a yellowish silver-colored metal. It is the hardest and the most brittle of the rare earth elements. It tarnishes in air and will ignite in air  at about 150  °C.Under ordinary conditions, the metal has rhombohedral crystals. Heating changes the crystal structure to hexagonal close-packed (hcp). Further heating leads to a transition to a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase.Natural samarium consists of a mixture of 7 isotopes. Three  of these isotopes are unstable but have long half-lives. A total of 30 isotopes have been discovered or prepared, with atomic masses ranging from  131 to 160.There are numerous uses for this element. It is used to make  samarium-cobalt permanent magnets,  samarium X-ray lasers, glass that absorbs  infrared light, a catalyst for ethanol production, in the manufacture of carbon lights, and as part of a pain treatment regimen for bone cancer. Samarium may be used as an absorber in nuclear reactors. Nanocrystalline  BaFCl:Sm3 is a high ly sensitive x-ray storage phosphor, which may have applications in dosimetry and medical imaging. Samarium hexaboride, SmB6, is a topological insulator that may find use in quantum computers. The samarium 3 ion may be useful to make warm-white light-emitting diodes, although low quantum efficiency is an issue. In 1979, Sony introduced the first portable cassette player, the Sony Walkman, made using samarium cobalt magnets.Samarium is never found free in nature. It occurs in minerals with other rare earths. Sources of the element include the  minerals monazite and bastnasite. It is also found in samarskite, orthite, cerite, fluorspar, and ytterbite. Samarium is recovered from monazite and bastnasite using ion exchange and solvent extraction. Electrolysis may be used to produce pure samarium metal from its molten chloride with sodium chloride.Samarium is the 40th most abundant element on Earth. The average concentration of samarium in the Earths crust is 6 parts per million and about 1 part per billion by weight in the solar system. The elements concentration in seawater varies, ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 parts per trillion. Samarium is not homogeneously distributed in soil. For example, sandy soil may have a samarium concentration 200 times higher at the surface as compared with deeper, damp layers. In clay soil, there may be over a thousand times more samarium at the surface than further down. The most common oxidation state of samarium is 3 (trivalent). Most samarium salts are pale yellow in color.An approximate cost of pure samarium is about $360 per 100 grams of metal. Samarium Atomic Data Element Name:  SamariumAtomic Number:  62Symbol:  SmAtomic Weight:  150.36Discovery:  Boisbaudran 1879 or Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac 1853 (both of France)Electron Configuration:  [Xe] 4f6  6s2Element Classification:  Rare earth (lanthanide series)Name Origin:  Named for the mineral samarskite.Density (g/cc):  7.520Melting Point ( °K):  1350Boiling Point ( °K):  2064Appearance:  Silvery metalAtomic Radius (pm):  181Atomic Volume (cc/mol):  19.9Covalent Radius (pm):  162Ionic Radius:  96.4 (3e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol):  0.180Fusion Heat (kJ/mol):  8.9Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol):  165Debye Temperature ( °K):  166.00Pauling Negativity Number:  1.17First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol):  540.1Oxidation States:  4, 3, 2, 1 (usually 3)Lattice Structure:  RhombohedralLattice Constant (Ã…):  9.000Uses:  Alloys, magnets in headphonesSource:  Monazite (phosphate), bastnesite References and Historical Papers Emsley, John (2001). Samarium. Natures Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 371–374. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp.  E110.  ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.De Laeter, J. R.; Bà ¶hlke, J. K.; De Bià ¨vre, P.; et al. (2003). Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report).  Pure and Applied Chemistry. IUPAC.  75  (6): 683–800.Boisbaudran, Lecoq de (1879).  Recherches sur le samarium, radical dune terre nouvelle extraite de la samarskite. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des sà ©ances de lAcadà ©mie des sciences.  89: 212–214.

Public Health Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 86

Public Health Nursing - Assignment Example Common differences between infectious syndromes and child mortality among other development programs may challenge the understanding of the interrelationships of diseases affecting those in poor nations. For example, the movie, Water First, directed by Amy Hart presents water shortage as the leading cause of waterborne diseases such as cholera and bilharzia, in Malawi. Water shortage is also responsible for the increased school dropouts among female teenagers. This is contrary to the situations in developed nations such as the U.S. where child mortality, infectious syndromes, and injuries are majorly caused by poor diets, overconsumption of alcohol, road traffic accidents, and tobacco. In order to assess and understand the challenges facing the implementation of a standardized global health care system, let us consider and compare health statistics of the U.S. and of two other developing countries, which include Nicaragua and Peru. The World Health Organization data repository indicates that the age-standardized mortality rate by all causes (ages 30-70, per 100,000 population), in 2008, was 460, 680 and 478, in the U.S., Nicaragua, and Peru respectively. This data is summarized ion the table below; There are factors that make these figures vary from one nation to another, and these include literacy level, poverty level, availability of food and drinking water, eating habits, and availability of physicians. From the data above, it is evident that the mortality rate is the U.S. (an industrialized nation) is much less than that of Nicaragua and Peru (developing nations). This is probably because they have better health care facilities and highly qualified physicians. Additionally, different state governments, in the U.S. are capable of supplying clean water to almost every household in that state. This is contrary to the situation in Nicaragua and Peru where almost 26 percent of the population cannot access balanced diet and clean water. This is the reason why most deaths in developing nations (Nicaragua and Peru) are because of poor diets, waterborne diseases.

Website plan for dairy farm (dairy cows) Assignment

Website plan for dairy farm (dairy cows) - Assignment Example This is done through the online platform which includes websites. Other businesses like the sports industry have prospered as well through such platforms. In the current economy and business world, most of the advertising and marketing procedures are done online through websites. Besides being a cheaper marketing alternative, this method is also very efficient in that it reaches a wider number of people. Most of the people are actively logging in and staying on online platforms than on the normal media like TVs. This makes use of internet and websites an appropriate and efficient way of business marketing. This report focusses on the dairy cows business. This business is aimed at breeding the best dairy cattle for the purpose of production and selling milk. The dairy cows have already been purchased and are well taken care of. The cows are bred in a zero grazing architecture and feeds for the cows are purchased in large scale from wholesalers who also offer them at a given discount. The large scale purchase of feeds is a strategy to reduce production cost hence maximising profits. The market for the product (milk) is however a challenge to this business (Eckles, 2011). The marketing strategies currently used involve door to door campaigns, liaisons with daily products companies and advertising through posters which is a relatively expensive and less efficient method. The competitive factor for this business is that it is a large scale production hence much recognized by the general public and acquaintances than the other local milk producers. Distribution of dairy products from this b usiness is done by agents who operate on motorbikes and some even use cars. Extra services to customers like door delivery makes this business a more preferred choice to its customers. It is for this reason that the company wants to increase its coverage by embracing the powerful online marketing and business operation platform (Pride, Hughes, &

The aim of this experiment Essay Example for Free

The aim of this experiment Essay The aim of this experiment is to find out if a steaming cup of coffee stays warm longer when leaving it untouched, or pouring cold milk into it  Theory  Physics informs us that large quantities of liquid take longer to cool than smaller quantities. Since there are more molecules in a larger quantity of liquid it may take longer to heat, but once the molecules are heated they take longer to cool down than a smaller quantity of water. Therefore I expect the beaker where the milk has been added straight away to have a higher temperature Procedure  1. First of all the coffee has to be made. Pour some water in the large beaker and heat it using the Bunsen burner. Once the water is boiling sprinkle the coffee powder into the beaker and stir it until the coffee is made.  2. Now pour equal amounts of coffee into the beakers A and B, and place a thermometer in each beaker. Set the stopwatch on zero and start recording the time. Record the temperature of each beaker. 3. Pour the milk into beaker A and stir the liquids for a short amount of time.  4. Now let a member of your group walk across the laboratory and open the door. Obtain the time duration of this procedure.  5. As soon as the team member returns to the experiment site pour the same amount of cold milk into Beaker B. record the temperatures of both beakers after stirring beaker B for a short time. 6. Now repeat this experiment, but change the amount of time spent going to the door and back. Also change the amount of milk and water used. Record your results appropriately.  Smallest division for measuring liquids (water, milk) = 0.1 ?C  Error = 0.1 ? 0.5  = 0.05 ?C  Difference between Beaker A and Beaker B:  The average difference = A B = 51?C 49.50?C = 1.50?C.  Error:  0.05?C + 0.05?C = 0.1?C  Therefore difference = 1.5 ?0.1?C Evaluation As always the apparatus was set up with great care, and I ensured that the thermometers were not heated or cooled before being used. The only major error that may have occurred is the parallax error. This may have happened during the taking down of readings from the thermometers, although great care was taken to avoid this. Conclusion As the table of results shows; the beaker in which the milk was poured right after the coffee was added (beaker A), meaning it contained more liquid during the procedure of going up to the door and back, did indeed stay warmer. Beaker A was, on average, 1.50?C warmer than Beaker B. This supports my expectations and I conclude the experiment as being successful. Therefore the best option would be to pour the milk before attending to the door, especially if it would take a longer period of time to deal with the person at the door.

Langston Hughes :: essays research papers

â€Å"Doorknobs†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Langston Hughes is considered by many readers to be the most significant black poet of the twentieth century. Except for a few examples, all his poems are about social injustice in America. The somber tone of his writing often reflected his mood. Race relations were present in almost his whole career, following him from his first poem to his last.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem â€Å"Doorknobs† was written in 1961 after his subpoena to appear before Senator McCarthy for subversive activities. Although many other poems by Hughes deal with prejudice, race, or politics, â€Å"Doorknobs† deals with life itself. Hughes’ anger over the political attacks are seen on many of his poems. Hughes’ â€Å"Doorknob† describes a child who seems to be afraid of life and afraid of the adults in his life†¦ By the end of the poem this child is now an adult himself who appears to be insecure, and perhaps, afraid of life itself. This man portrays a sad, non-confident, scared life as we can see on the lines 1 to 3. We experience first hand the lack of control, the terrorizing feelings this door holds for this child:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The simple silly terror of a doorknob   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on a door that turns to let in life From lines 4 to 10, we can assume that we are reading of a child who is terrorized of the grownups that live with him; perhaps he is an abused child:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on two feet standing,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  walking, talking,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  wearing dress or trousers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maybe drunk or maybe sober,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maybe smiling, laughing, happy,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maybe tangled in the terror   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of a yesterday past grandpa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lines 11 to 15 reinforce the terror this child is feeling and carrying with him. It is apparent that the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  child is experiencing some kind of abuse, either mental or physical:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  when the door from out there opened   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  into here where I, antenna,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  recipient of your coming,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  received the talking image   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of the simple silly terror From lines 16-25 Hughes repeats the first stanza of the poem with minor changes to the order of t the words; this perhaps is now when the child is now remembering his past. Another interpretation is that when the child became a grownup instead of being afraid of the adults in his life, he is afraid now of life itself, and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of a door that opens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  at the turning of a knob

Child Slavery

In the 21st century we have millions of people living with the constant uncertainty of waking up tomorrow. They are not dying of old age – their life has Just begun, they are not living with cancer – their life expectancy Is much shorter, but they are amongst the 27 million men, women and children Involved In the impoverished slave trade. As an ambassador for anti-slavery, I Emma Smith, do not need to argue the wrongfulness of slavery for, as stated by Frederick Douglass In 1 852, â€Å"there Is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven who does not know that slavery is wrong†. On numerous occasions I have witnessed the horror firsthand.I have watched as the statistics continue to exponentially increase. And I have inevitably visited the graves of those who have paved the ultimate price. It is for this reason that I demand change for the better, change for the future and change for the victims who's pleads go unheard. How in the day of modern technology, can we as a society, have allowed the continuation of these horrific acts of slavery to progress from centuries ago? As you should know, the International Labor Organization formally defined forced Barbour, or slavery, at the forced labor convention In 1930.This definition Is still relevant today and dictates that forced labor Is considered â€Å"all work or service which Is exacted from any person under the threat of a penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily. † However, for far too long violations against your human rights doctrine have occurred and consequently, these discrepancies in the system are having detrimental effects. Of the population of slaves in the world today a large percentage is comprised of young innocent children.Can you imagine your child being ripped away from your arms and disposed of to the highest bidder, like sheep in the market? It might sound cruel, it might sound careless, it might sound corrupt but this is the re ality for many defined by their cultural attitude and lack of political interference in the cocoa industry. â€Å"While the term slavery has a variety of historical contexts, slavery in the cocoa industry involves the same core human rights violations as other forms of slavery throughout the world† and consumers are oblivious.In developed countries we acknowledge that chocolate homebodies happiness, gratification and luxury but for those children enslaved on the Ivory Coast, yet to taste a morsel of chocolate, its symbolism is quite the opposite. At present, 900 million kilograms of chocolate is consumed each year of which 40 percent is believed to have been contaminated with slavery. A young boy named Amanda was lucky enough to have escaped the exploitation in Africa and pronounces that â€Å"when people eat chocolate, they eat my flesh. Child slavery is the secret ingredient in chocolate however this must stop, this must cease and the inexcusable tactics have to come to an end. The cocoa industry has benefited from the use of forced labor since the early 1 9th century. However, a re-examination of past preventative measures along with a coherent framework for future success will enable a productive start to ceasing all child slavery. You, as the united Nations, have the potential to Intervene as violations of your doctrines have occurred for centuries. So why has nothing yet been established? My organization and a collaboration of others plead for intervention.We demand a review of the existing conventions on Furthermore we ask of you to force political involvement in affected countries and with this include resources and funds to ensure that the industry is no longer commercially viable. Finally, the extremity of this situation should involve the disallowing of imports and exports of cocoa which have been tampered by this horrific slavery. In order to cease the production of money through the blood, sweat and tears of all those suffering in bondage, labor camps and disease-ridden chains, the commitment of the United Nations has become imperative.The slavery industry s growing however, this is one industry which must not benefit from growth. You have heard the statistics and you have heard the facts but now is the time for change. No longer can countries, such as Africa, continue to economically exploit the vulnerable and companies must not resort to the use of child slave labor in order to keep prices competitive. I have called for change and I can now only hope that this will be achieved.

International Portfolio Diversification: World Oil Economy

The prospect of innovating new technology is not only very economical but it also serves as an operational assistance to solve the forthcoming oil crises. With the help of this new technology, by 2015, we will be capable of earning about $10 billion annually. Under the current scenario, many people have predicted that the oil crises will prevail in the future. Daniel Yergin expressing his concern said that â€Å"people seem to have forgotten that oil prices like other commodities keep fluctuating and these can go up again†. Robert Dole pointed out, â€Å"in the future security of world's oil and gas supplies will be a vital interest of the US and other Powers†. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) The consequences of the rising trade deficit on the security of our oil resources have also been underlined by Alan Greenspan; the Chairman of the Federal Reserve bureau. Department of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) states that the daily consumption of oil by 2010 will rise to 20 million barrels. The International Energy Agency debating increase in population, urbanization and industrialization commented that the world's population specifically of Asia and Latin America will increase about 50% by 2020. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) It means more villagers will move to city resulting in increase in the consumption of energy and oil and the decrease in the cultivating area as oil the fundamental unit of urbanization. An analysis done by the national laboratories of the Energy Department shows that â€Å"the per capita energy consumption of china and India’s urban population can rise to 45% in the coming years†. Consequently, their daily consumption of oil will rise up to 119 million barrels. This is twice the global oil consumption today. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) Under the worldwide economic depression the global energy demand of oil is expected to rise high. According EIA, 80% of this demand will be fulfilled by the Persian Gulf. It means that within 10-15 years the export market share of Gulf countries will increase up to 67% of its current share. Moreover, EIA predicts with this increase in the demand of oil by 2010, the oil prices will rise up to $24 a barrel; causing a 75% increase in the export market. Besides, other countries have initiated a 15% and 10% increase in their oil production and in their proven reserves respectively. Unfortunately their reserves durability has fallen to 18-17 years. Unlike these countries OPEC’s attempt to raise its production and proven reserves to 20% and 75% will raise its productivity for ninety years. On the whole is seems that the economy and security of the United State is in the hand of OPEC countries, due to its increased dependence on oil. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) In the coming decade, the US is expected to import about 60% of its oil, of which one third will be imported from Persian Gulf this will raise its trade deficit in oil to $100 billion yearly. This is a great and persistent setback to its economy. In past decades the oil import has increased vulnerability to raised oil price increase. This is always fallowed by economic recession. Hence, by 2010 the oil revenue of the Persian Gulf nations is likely to increase to $250 billion from its current price of $90 billion annually. it means that the wealth of Persian Gulf will raise to $1. 5 billion in the next decade. This scenario is of great concern as it will bring heavy weaponry, influence and mischief in the troubled region of gulf. This may Increase military and technical expertise for Russia. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) Noticeably, in the future economic recession the competitors of US will be the Asian countries with their growing consumption of oil rather than the NATO countries. Whose measures to consume limited oil are of are helpful to US in the current a future scenarios. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) Presently, â€Å"International Departments of Energy (IDE)† are trying to explore and extract oil from countries other than Gulf e. . certain reserves of oil have been explored form Soviet Union. Hence, to facilitate these stances Department of Energy (DOE) is encouraging the privatization of many oil companies; particularly, those situated in Mexico and Latin America. In fact DOE is spending $10 million annually to develop advance oil field technologies. This will be helpful to reduce the cost of finding and extracting oil. EIA believes that US import of crude oil will reach to 10 million barrels within 15 years; even after maintaining a decline in the domestic oil usage. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) To reduce oil consumptions DOE has invested ten of million of dollars in automobile sector for The development of less fuel consuming cars and trucks with internal combustion engine, electricity run cars, boifuel consuming cars, super efficient hybrid vehicle, and devices with energy storage capacity like batteries etc. it is also investing to use the wastes of crops instead of natural gas. Most experts believe that the long term replacement of oil is only the fuel cells technology. Even if oil prices decreased, DOE’s attempt to produce alternatives will be helpful in many ways. These initiatives will create jobs and will save the money otherwise invested to import foreign oil. It will help in environment protection as on using these technologies less fuel will be consumed. (Joseph J. Romm and Charles B. Curtis, 1996) David and Crucini were conducted to analysis the variability among trade and Sudden movements of oil prices. For this reason we studied the correction terms of trade and other variable. Three oil producing countries – two industrial and on non industrial- were taken as sample. And a correlation was conducted among these industrial and non industrial oil producers. The results of the study explain the changes in oil production tends to affect the industrial productivity and ultimately to the trade. If production increases trade will also increase and with the decline of production trade will also decrease. (Backus, & Crucini, 2000) This also assists in finding the â€Å"correlation between the terms of trade and output generated†. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the trade terms and the increase in productivity. Increase in trade is directly proportional to the increase in productivity; if trade increase productivity will also increase. Besides, there is a negative correlation between the terms of trade and oil price hike. Trade decreases with the increase in oil prices and increase with the increase in oil prices. (Backus, & Crucini, 2000) The mechanism explained above also affects the trade and productivity of the items produced in the country. If there is an increase in the products domestically produces and traded, there prices will decrease. But if there is a decline in the production and trade of these products, an increase in their prices will be viewed. Therefore, If the oil supply is disrupted it will reduce the productivity and trade ability of an industrialized country. It is due to the fact that most of non oil producer industrialized countries import oil for use in their industries. So if there is a shortage of oil it will cause decrease in the products produced by the industry. In other words one can say that the oil prices are inversely related to the trade and productivity of a country. Therefore if there is an increase in the prices of oil it will badly affect the economy thus causing economic recession. (Backus & Crucini, 2000) The behavior of international oil prices in the postwar economy can be understood through the economic recession of 1970's and 1980's. When countries have to experience sudden increase and decrease in the oil prices. Moreover, between 1973-1986 oil prices underwent a noticeable changes in different directions: output vitality increased in UK, US Italy and France. However a noticeable decrease in the output was observed in Germany and Japan. Similarly an increase in the consumption of oil was perceived in Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United States while declined in consumption of oil was by Germany and Japan.. Notwithstanding, this increase in the trade of five countries, the correlation of the exports was negative. The results showed that the trade prices are short lived and synchronized by the changes in the relative oil prices. (Backus & Crucini, 2000) the non-oil producer countries have large share of fuel in trade for example the Japan’s share in the fuel trade market was 22. 2%. However after first economic recession and oil price shock in the mid 1970's a change in fuel share was viewed: France, Germany, Italy and Japan all faced double deficit in their fuel trade. The cause of some of this reversal of trade deficit was the either collapse of oil prices in mid-1980's or energy conservation. However positive changes were viewed in the fuel share of Australia and Canada while US emerged as a net exporter of fuel through North Sea oil production. On the whole it was proved that oil prices have a cyclical influence upon the terms of trade. Backus & Crucini, 2000) Moreover term of trade of the smaller countries is more volatile as compared larger countries. Sudden increase in the prices of oil reduces the productivity and trade, simultaneously. On the whole this study suggests that there is an unstable relationship between relative price and quantities. Especially when increase in oil prices act differently over time. Hence the terms of, output, and the trade ba lance can be maintained and kept stagnant by controlling the source of oil price shocks. (Backus & Crucini, 2000) A crude oil reservoir contains crude oil extracted using primary, secondary, improved, enhanced, or tertiary method. Created liquids and those extracted from mined deposit are not crude oil. There is no doubt that crude oil reservoirs are in vast quantity yet the fact remains that they are finite. In fact most of these reservoirs are almost fully explored or are being explored. Petroleum production has been culminated with the increase in the demand. Currently demand for the crude oil in the developing countries like China, India, South America has risen up to 2%. (Wood et al, 2000) These countries face increase in the growth of crude oil demand due to increased consumer demand. Crude oil is mostly consumed for transportation and in internal combustion engines. Neither developing country other than China and India demanded high crude oil either due to political or economic reasons. However many economists and industry professionals predicted that over past two decades world crude oil production will increase with increasing frequency. And this increase will cause noticeable impacts on the world oil prices, lifestyle of people, US economy etc. Wood et al, 2000) In April 200, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) marketed the results of their most detailed and modern study. This 5year study was conducted by the geoscientists to compute and analyze the resources of crude oil and natural gas in the world. Basically this study was conducted by USGS â€Å"to provide impartial, scientifically based, societal relevant petroleum resource information essential to th e economic and strategic security of the United States. † The results of this study were used by EIA to analyze world oil supply in the long run. Hence, we can say that the EIA's analysis is based on historical and geographically derived facts rather than mere assumptions and estimations. (Wood et al, 2000) if the resource base is large it will reach peak of its production at a later stage as compared to a smaller one. Moreover, if following the USGS analysis crude oil continue to produce at 2% Growth rate than and if the production starts declining than till 2037 the production of the world’s crude oil will raise up to 53. 2 billion barrel annually. However, depending upon the demand it is also likely that by 2112 and 2021 the production of the crude oil may rise to 24. 6 and 48. 5 billion barrel (Wood, Long, Morehouse, 2000) the growing demand of the crude oil can only be reduced trough the invention of new technology e. g. hybrid powered automobiles and substitution of the source of energy e. g. Hydrogen- fed cell. The increase in unconventional sources of production (tar sands and very heavy oil) also depends upon the rate of technological advancement. This type of production is very economic and successfully working in Canada. However from this study we estimate that oil will peak in the middle of 21st century which means new energy doesn’t have the large time required to penetrate the market. Therefore these results does not justify both the supply and demand of the research (Woo et al, 2000) Since World War II about US recessions were fallowed by sudden increase in oil prices. Although, it doesn’t make any difference, in analyzing the outcome of oil price shock, economic decisions are more concerned with real oil prices rather than nominal oil prices. However most of the oil shocks are based upon the nominal prices as their magnitude is larger than the overall. Initially the nominal prices stay stagnant and change over time. The difference and nominal is that the former are the outcome of the change in internal economic inflation and have external statistical representation. There form many researchers use nominal oil prices as an explanatory variable to explain oil price economy. (Hamilton, 2005) In an economy dollar have a fairly small share i. e. in 2000 US consumed about 7. billion barrels of oil purchased at a price of $30 a barrel. This shows that dollar share is 2. 2% of the $9. 8 trillion GDP of US. However the nominal GDP of US has risen to 3. 8% in the past few years, after the production and supply disruptions caused by five oil price shocks and economic recessions. (Hamilton, 2005) The decrease in the quantity of oil supplied is actually synchronized by the sudden increase in the fuel prices. The oil shocks contributio n of economic downturns should be attributed with changes caused by other factors and capitalization rate. Theoretically, Increase oil prices will cause a decrease in capital and labor allocation. However, in reality an oil price cause increase in the output (allocating of labor and capital). (Hamilton, 2005) The economic regression of 1949-80 predicted a slow GDP growth of about 2. 9% annually after an oil price hike of 10%. However, 1949-2005 regression predicted only 0. 7% slow GDP growth. This is resulted through the use of less fuel efficient cars. Noticeably net oil prices have shown an increase in the crude oil prices to about 20%. In 2004 oil prices showed an 18% increase while world production showed an increase of 21%. Similarly 2005 viewed 0. 2% increase in production and 21% increase in oil prices. These figures show that increased demand of oil contributed to the Increase of oil prices during the last years. (Hamilton, 2005) The recession from the oil prices increase suggests that there is some kind of relation between oil prices and productivity. The oil price shock is governed by factor share argument and affects the economy through the disruption caused by consumer and firm’s investment on other goods. Oil prices also affect the inflation rate governed by monetary policy on long term basis. (Hamilton, 2005) Today, we are so heavily dependent on oil that 90% of our transport, 95% of all good and food products requires oil. In short, today the world is consuming 80 million oil daily and 29 billion barrels of oil yearly. Unfortunately these figures of oil consumption are rapidly rising. According to the US government assumption by 2025 this demand of oil will increase to about 120 million barrel daily and 43 billion barrels yearly. (Leggett, 2006) America only consumes quarter of global current demand for oil. This is due to the decrease in domestic oil production and increase in demand during last 35 years. These figures show that America’s share of oil import will increase over time. Today, of the 20 million barrels consumed by America about 15 million are imported from the Middle East. The US can cut its import of 5 million barrel by increasing the fuel consumption capacity to miles per gallon of its automobile but instead it has allowed General Motors to build automobiles. Similarly, the US has increased the Share of Spots Utility vehicles to 24 % by 24%. (Jones et al, 2004) Consequently due to these lavish expenditure US vehicles fuel consumption ability reduce to 2. 44 mile per gallon in 2001 as compared to other countries whose cars have the capacity of moving 60 miles per gallon. (Jeremy Leggett, 2006)On the whole the fact remains that oil is finite thing. Different people have different views in this regard some think that only about 2 trillion barrels of oil is left to be used and discovered while other think that this amount is at most 1 trillion. The former suggests that oil production will expectedly end till 2030 which means there is enough time to go for alternatives. They also believe that 1. Saudi Arabia have achieved its peak of pumping and couldn’t serve as an alternative during recession 2. the giant oil field have all been exploited and none is left behind however in later case it seems the recession time will come soon and there is less time to innovate is a factor with help of which oil price shock can change macroeconomics. Reallocation of labor after the recession period is really helpful to reduce the effects of oil price shocks. Under a long lasting oil price rice reduces the energy usage, capital and labor supply which causes a reduction in the investment sector and capital stock market decline as well. Janis suggested that under increased oil prices wages are â€Å"potentially significant† even with low oil price and productivity. (Jones et al, 2004) Therefore, it seems that reallocation of capital and revision of investment plans is necessary to oil price shock effects on the macroeconomics. Oil price shock has a double effect on the destruction and creation of jobs in all sectors. In the case of positive oil price shocks sector responds ten times positively than in the negative shock situations. Increase in petroleum products cause an increase in the wages of skilled workers but 3%- 4% decrease in real wages of workers. In other wards one can say that oil price increases have a negative impact in the short run but in long run it has a positive. With the increase in oil prices unemployment also. (Jones et al, 2004) Interest rates have strongly asymmetric response towards positive and negative oil price shock in short run and a moderately asymmetric response to long run. It means that the oil price works primarily through GDP mechanism and affect the interest rates with its fluctuating prices. Hence, if the prices of petroleum increase the crude oil prices will also increases but if the prices petroleum decreases the price of the crude oil will also decrease. Jones, Leiby, and Paik suggested that â€Å"In case of crude oil relation with GDP asymmetry is the speed of response to the price in price GDP case asymmetry is the magnitude of the price hike†. Some experts say that the oil price of the 1970s was the real cause of the economic recession. Both energy prices other words it can also be said that the oil price shocks primarily through employment, GDP and interest rate. (Jones et al, 2004) There is a little doubt about the impact of the monetary policy’s response to the hike in the oil price. However, DOE did reached a conclusion that during 197-1990 episodes of recession that some of the GDP reduction was caused by a deficiency in the monetary policy and was outcome of oil price hike. This means that an alternative monetary policy could have averted recession of 1970s. One can say that during economic recessions oil prices indirectly act on the GDP through the monetary policy. The prices shock in the OPEC is actually the result of depressed growth but due to the increased demand of the oil. (Jones et al, 2004) After 1980s recession OPEC its ability to keep the prices of oil stable this type of change may be cause due to Oil prices never affected GDP. It was viewed to be so due to the lack of lengthy data to be studied. Since the World War II the pricing of world oil market was not as linear and simple as was observed. So when the flexibility in observing thing emerged the observers began to understand the price signal. (Jones et al, 2004) The changes in the stock market, which are caused by increase in economic activity is crucial for economic activity. Both present and future impacts of oil prices on the stock price are notice worthy and helpful to determine the future scenarios. The relationship between the stock market and the oil prices is reflected through the effects of stock market on cash flows. In other wards the cash flow of oil prices have a positive or negative impact on the stock market. 0% of the oil price shocks are responsible for the ups and downs in the business circle while only 16% is responsible for the fluctuations in the U. S. (Jones et al, 2004) The above discussion proves that during an economic recession GDP-oil relationship is mostly observed. This relationship can not be either avoided by the alternative monetary. Mover over after World War II the oil prices have been p roved to be non reliable and constantly fluctuating factors. Empirical research also shows that reallocation of 11% manufacturing labor occur after oil price hike. Hence, it seems that from a macroeconomic perspective all the price movements are different. It is necessary to develop policies helpful to deal with the oil price shocks. (Jones et al, 2004) To forecast oil supply a low cost approach can be helpful. It will help to determine the nature of the bias and recurring errors. This type of approach is necessary to explain the difficulties involved in making petroleum supply forecasting at a macroeconomic level. (Lynch, 2002) Forecasting of oil prices is in practice since late 1970s e. g. Lynch predicted that the by 2000 Gulf’s boom in oil production will decline to $13-18. per barrel. But this forecast was base upon the economic recession of 1970. Despite being shifting from the hands of one company to the other, oil prices have remained constant to $14 per barrel throughout its history. But this stability of the prices changed in 1970s, when it had to face price hikes due to disruptions caused by supply and demand. (Lynch, 2002) The OPEC decision to introduce a long term price raisin path supported the expectations of having a 2-4% price growth. This step was so mush supported that for many years’ people demanded these types of initiations. For a long time there is form cast that oil prices will remain flat. However, it seems that the price hike of 2000 will alter it. Since 1980s the researches related to oil production and supply has become pessimistic which a common approach before 1979; when most of the studies focused upon scarcity of recourse, and need for new discoveries outside the Middle East. The production of world crude oil has changed over time. In a study conducted for non-OPEC forecasts that that most of the errors and bias faces were same leading to the peak in production. Lynch, 2002) The development of a new technology for the extraction of oil does have many positive consequences, who really demand appreciation. Today with the help of technology many discovered but unutilized oil reserves have been drilled and are being marketed. For instance, oil reserves of North Sea were abandon due lack of heavy expenses in 1970s. Today these reserves have been discovered with the help of technology at a very low c ost. According to a study 1998 with the use of modern technology the oil reserves of US rose to about 24000 tones. This means that with the help of modern technology US underwent a remarkably 16% increase in its reserve. (Lynch, 2002) Notwithstanding this increase it is also true that these reserves are finite and will tend to decrease over time. Lynch conducted a study in this field and found that the production oil reserve will undergo a 10-20% decrease annually since its drilling and extracting starts. Even between Gulf countries the productivity level is different and depends upon the location. For instance, Drilling in Saudi Arabia will bring more revenues as compared to drilling in Oman. However, it is also a fact that most of the countries try to hide the actual situation and capacity of their oil reserves e. g. according to the report of Canadian oil experts the oil reserves of Canada remained same during 1999 and 2000. (Lynch, 2002) Many countries are reluctant to import oil in heavy quantity due to heavy tax rates. As most of the oil producing countries demand high taxes on the export of their products. In such cases producing countries raise the prices which then seriously affect the global economy. However, since the formation of OPEC oil prices are continuously regulated and controlled. (Lynch, 2002) The world oil production is regulated under Saudi Arabia and OPEC members since 1970s. After the oil shocks of 173 the new sources of oil supply have been discovered: Mexico, North Sea, China, Alaska, etc. Besides, Russia is the third largest producer and the second largest exporter of oil. Today, OPEC has a 40% share of the world oil supply which is sufficient to exert power in marinating and fluctuating world oil prices. The oil usage of US has been decreased since1980s economic recession. In 2000, after sudden 16% increase of oil prices US oil production declined to 12% As a result of these different trends in consumption. This means now the US more rely on imports than before. However, the US exports the domestically produced oil at the globally set prices. After the terrorist attacks in US oil prices were reduces bringing great setbacks to the world economy. This happened because of the ban imposed on air travel. (Perry, 2001) The Middle East does not seem to be affected by terrorists, yet its geographical locality and vulnerability to the terrorists can not be ignored. Currently both increase and decrease in the oil prices is viewed. (Perry, 2001) The recent oil forecasts claim that next economic recession will be caused by terrorist attacks and the prospect of authorizing limited airlines theses acts are likely to reduce the world oil demand which will ultimately lead to global recession. The OPEC could avoid this recession by introducing production and. Saudi Arabia has initiated by applying a production and price cut to its oil reserves: its oil price has reduced to $4 a barrel in October 2001 immediately after terrorist attack on the US. The oil prices decline of 1980s and 1990s will be very much helpful in the current situation: by assisting airline industry, slowing down the inflation rates, and will assist inpursuing expansionary monetary policy. (Perry, 2001) The two recessions fallowed by the world war were greatly associated with the disruptions in the oil: †¢ During the Arab-Israel war of 1974. Arab countries announces major cut in the production on oil and prohibited shipments to the supporters of Israel. The OPEC raised the crude oil price to $12 from $3. The 1975 economic recession faced both higher oil prices and depressed the oil demand. It was the time when OPEC had to cut production to maintain high oil prices. But this prospect negatively as with the fear of shortage of supplies certain precautions were adopted. (Perry, 2001) It was the time when US felt need and created the strategic petroleum reserve similar to those established in industrial countries. In addition, also applied buying constrain ts on consumer and imposed moderate price control measures on the domestic oil producers and refiners. (Perry, 2001) After the recessions of 1974-75 and the Iran-Iraq war of 1980 the high the OPEC prices shocked the world. OPEC raised its price to $30 a barrel exceeding to $35 a barrel. The imposition of greatly high taxes on petroleum products caused high inflation. Ultimately, it will increase the already rocketing food prices. This was the time when more intense monetary policy was in demand. During the 1979-1980 recession, the increase in production was needed to stabilize the market. Saudi Arabia was the first to raise it production up to 8. 6 million barrels a day in 1979 to 10. million barrel in 1980 and 1981. In 1983 and 1985 Saudi again acted and applied a production cut to 5. 0 million barrel and 3. 6 million barrel respectively. Though this worked but during the Arab war OPEC proves its ability to stabilize prizes by raising production to 5. 5 million per barrel, of which Saudi share was 3. 1 million. (Perry, 2001) Today, most of the economic forecasts suggest that the terrorist attacks if not controlled will lead to another economic recession. As terror is attacks will affect and reduce consumer and business spending. Today the major problem is not the rocketing oil prices but the security of oil reserves. Most of which are will the politically troubled and unstable region of the OAPEC and the OPEC. Today, the most important fear of all oil consuming country is to save the oil reserves from going in the hands of extremists. As bin Ladin has claimed to charge $144 a barrel after conquering the reserves of oil. (Perry, 2001) In the case of reducing the oil supply it will badly affect the economy of the US and the world. The good thing is that if new oil crises arise it will result in the demand for the reduction in foreign oil production. Notwithstanding, reality will never change that it is impossible to reduce dependence on foreign oil products. Today, the 40% of the US energy demand is fulfilled by the petroleum. The domestic oil reserves of the US have already diminished therefore it will definitely have to import foreign oil to fulfill its needs. Under the today’s scenario, the US consumption of oil will only partially change that also bringing a decline to its industrial economies. (Perry, 2001) The oil price crises emanates from the higher prices produced from the Middle East even if it is not involved in it. The individual nation producer cannot set their own prices they do have to fallow the prices set by the international market. Otherwise, the world will face great inefficiencies and it would become to fulfill the worldly oil need. Economy will be greatly exposed to the effects of the reduced oil. (Perry, 2001) Economizing oil prices are more helpful in the long run to changing capital stock and usage of less energy but in the short run there are scarcely efficient methods to reduce the effect of high prices it is for this reason that the demand of oil in the short run is more elastic. This means that 1% cut in the short run will cause 20% of the increase in prices. The magnitude of the impacts oil price rise in the short run depends upon the monetary policies and inflation. This shows that high prices will lead to high inflation and this will greatly affect the economy as the price of oil supply will be transferred to oil producers rather than oil suppliers. However, it is also clear that these years economy has seen less inflation as compared to the past. (Perry, 2001)

International Differences on Professional Communication

Intercultural/International Differences on Professional Communication Introduction Culture influences the way people behave. It is thus important to understand it in relation to global work place where professional communication is employed. Every country that has Multinational Corporation and other businesses dealing with international firms should recognize the fact that cross-cultural differences have a negative impact on the professional communication process (Hall, 1976).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Intercultural/International Differences on Professional Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good case study is the culture of Taiwan. Taiwanese unit of social organization is the group. This is because their culture encourages them to live as extended families. For this reason, people in Taiwan are seen to work comfortably in teams and groups. In addition, the Taiwanese culture is made up of other several subculture including Chinese and Japanese. Moreover, it has been greatly influenced by imperialism and colonization. Another case study is that of American communication style. The American Business communication style does not encourage them to discuss issues directly. They believe in talking less without wasting time. Moreover, the Americans are polite and friendly but do not keep relationship for a long time. They also use a lot of protocols in their language. Comparison of Taiwanese and Americans cultures Taiwanese communication culture is characterized by use of non verbal language, indirect verbal language, close relationship between the parties involved as well as face to face communication when intending to make decisions. In addition, they prefer group discussions and use of wide sources of information in order to achieve accuracy. On the other hand, the Americans communication culture is comprised of verbal communication. It is usually task centered and involved the key personnel only. They meet to make decisions and do not co nsider relationships at all. They do not consult wide sources of information and thus the process is fast (Hofstede, 1980). An Analysis of the Two Cultures Effective communication can only be achieved once the cultural difference between the Taiwanese and Americans cultures are realized. Once they are realized and recognized, the appropriate methods of communications are adopted depending whether you are dealing with individual or both cultures. The difference between the two cultures can be described in terms low and high context culture. In this case, the Taiwanese culture is the high context culture while Americans is the low context culture. When both high and low context cultures work in the same environment, communication problems are bound to happen (Hofstede, 1991). For example in such an environment, the Taiwan people are seen to communicate in groups especially to those people they are close to. The communication is always intensive. That is, it is usually comprised of wid e and detailed information. This is not the case with Americans.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their communication is basically at personal or individual level. They give information that is only necessary for their work environment. The professional communication in Taiwan is thus effective. This is because they are formal and plan their meetings on time. Moreover, they attend meetings once they have agreed on something. The Americans are informal and usually meet without having made the decision on a particular issue. Recommendations In intercultural environment, effective communication can be attained by understanding other people’s culture. This means that they know what is expected of them while communicating. This includes the tone, language in terms of formality and body posture when talking to different people. The key point in having a n effective communication in a cross-cultural environment; is to understand other people’s cultures and the things that make the difference between your culture and theirs (Moran, 1991). An individual should be aware differences that are as a result of different cultural background. First, one should be aware of contextual differences. These are brought about by different cultural contexts. They are associated interpretation of messages during communication. In such a case, an individual should be able to differentiate a high and low culture context. For example Taiwan is high context. For this reason it values and emphasizes on non verbal communication unlike American who prefer verbal communication. Secondly, one should be aware of social differences as well as non- verbal differences. Socially, one has to know how to behave while communicating. In addition, one should be able to understand the meaning conveyed by non-verbal communications. This depends on different cultura l environment. References Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday. Hofstede, G. (1980). Cultures consequences: International differences in work-related values.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Intercultural/International Differences on Professional Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moran, R. T. (1991). Successful international business negotiations. Houston: Gulf.

Public Schools Where 75% of Students Score 10-15 on ACT

Public Schools Where 75% of Students Score 10-15 on ACT When youre considering to which public college or university to apply, sometimes its helpful to browse through schools who have students scoring similarly on the ACT as you did. If your ACT scores are completely lower or higher than 75% of the students who were accepted to a particular school, perhaps youd be better off searching for a school where students are more in your range, although exceptions are certainly made all the time. This is a list of colleges and universities where 75% of the accepted students scored above or at a 10 – 15 composite score on the ACT. What does this mean? The following public schools are accepting students who are scoring well below the national average on the ACT, which is a 21. If you have scored between a 10 – 15 on the ACT, then all is not lost! Perhaps one of these public universities would be a good fit! Please keep in mind that this list is for the composite ACT score – youll see ACT scores a bit lower or higher on particular sections (English, Mathematics, Reading, Science Reasoning), but the composite scores are always between 10 – 15. Remember that the 25th percentile score reflects what 75% of students have earned who were admitted. The 75th percentile score reflects what 25% of students have earned who were admitted. Typically, youll see higher scores in the latter category. More ACT Score Information How to Understand Score PercentilesWhats a Good ACT Score?Average National ACT ScoresACT Scoring 101: Scaled Vs. RawI Think I Got a Bad ACT Score - Now What? Public Universities Where 75% of Students Score a 10 15 on the ACT 1. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Tifton, GeorgiaWebsite: abac.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17 2. Alabama State University Montgomery, Alabama Website: www.alasu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 3. California State University Dominguez Hills Carson, CaliforniaWebsite: csudh.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 4. California State University Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Website: calstatela.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 20 5. Central State University Wilberforce, OhioWebsite: centralstate.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 18 6. Fayetteville State University Fayetteville, North CarolinaWebsite: uncfsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 7. Grambling State University Grambling, LouisianaWebsite: gram.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 8. Kentucky State University Frankfort, KentuckyWebsite: kysu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 9. Lyndon State College Lyndonville, VermontWebsite: lyndonstate.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 22 10. Mississippi Valley State University Itta Benna, MississippiWebsite: mvsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 11. New Jersey City University Jersey City, New JerseyWebsite: njcu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 17 12. North Carolina Central University Durham, North CarolinaWebsite: nccu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 13. Pennsylvania State University Dubois Dubois, PennsylvaniaWebsite: www.dubois.psu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 22 14. Prairie View A M University Prairie View, TexasWebsite: pvamu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 15. South Carolina State University Orangeburg, South CarolinaWebsite: scsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 18 16. Southwest Tennessee Community College Mephis, TennesseeWebsite: southwest.tn.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 18 17. Sul Ross State University Alpine, TexasWebsite: sulross.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 21 18. Texas Southern University Houston, TexasWebsite: tsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 19. University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff, ArkansasWebsite: uapb.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 20. University of Main at Machias Machias, MaineWebsite: umm.maine.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 25 21. University of South Carolina - Lancaster Lancaster, South CarolinaWebsite: usclancaster.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 20 22. University of South Carolina - Salkehatchie Allendale, South CarolinaWebsite: uscsalkehatchie.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 23. University of South Carolina - Union Union, South CarolinaWebsite: uscunion.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17 24. University of the Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie, Virgin IslandsWebsite: uvi.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17

Race and Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race and Genetics - Essay Example Since then it has been a subject of debate whether these differences have a genetic basis. 'The high habitability of intelligence and the difficulties of formulating credible environmentalist explanations' have been pointed to explain the difference. Jensen, A. Robert. Intelligence, Race and Genetics. (1999). West View. The arguments by Jensen that intelligence is largely due to hereditary, including racial heritage raised a lot of discussion. Some of the explanations given by the environmentalists include, bias in the tests, the adverse social and economic living conditions of the blacks, discrimination and prejudice and the historical legacy of the slavery, which has demoralized blacks. (Flynn, 1980) Flynn, J.R., Race, IQ and Jensen. (1980). Routledge & Kegan, P. Sarich (2004) made cogent arguments that white race and racial differences are real. He said that the race as a concept is older than the Colonial Europe. Differences in intelligence correlate to the concept of race. Sarich, V. The Reality of Human Differences. (2004). West View Press. Rushton has divided the population in three groups. Africans and Negroes in one group are referred as blacks, Europeans as whites and East Asians and Mongolians in one group as Orientals. He believes that the race differences start in the womb. The blacks are born earlier and grow quicker. They also achieve a faster sexual maturity, family stability and population growth.Rushton, J. Phillip. Race, Evolution and Behavior. A Life History Prospective. (1997).Transaction Publishers. Rushton describes studies that show a consistent pattern of human racial...Since then it has been a subject of debate whether these differences have a genetic basis. 'The high habitability of intelligence and the difficulties of formulating credible environmentalist explanations' have been pointed to explain the difference. Some of the explanations given by the environmentalists include, bias in the tests, the adverse social and economic living conditions of the blacks, discrimination and prejudice and the historical legacy of the slavery, which has demoralized blacks. (Flynn, 1980) Sarich (2004) made cogent arguments that white race and racial differences are real. He said that the race as a concept is older than the Colonial Europe. Differences in intelligence correlate to the concept of race. Rushton has divided the population in three groups. Africans and Negroes in one group are referred as blacks, Europeans as whites and East Asians and Mongolians in one group as Orientals. He believes that the race differences start in the womb. The blacks are born earlier and grow quicker. They also achieve a faster sexual maturity, family stability and population growth. The Orientals on the other hand have the largest brains and IQ. The difference in the race is both due to genes and environment.

Presidency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presidency - Research Paper Example Thinking over it, I came to an answer that it is true that there has to be someone special, laced up with every possible leaderful quality that could look in to the country’s affairs and could take a charge of deciding good or bad for its people. But when I went through the constitutional policies of United States of America, I could see some lame constitutions which need to be either rectified or replaced. Its extract is that there is no vital role or power of a President except that he is a well dressed front man representative. In this paper I would discuss that do we actually need any President or not? CONSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES: The Constitution of United States explains there are eleven main duties which has to be done in relevance to the given power and authority to the President of a Country. Constitution says that â€Å"The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the ac tual Service of the United States† This explains that a president has to be a military official; can a democratic government handle a dictating official? Secondly since after the Mexican war 1848, United States never had a chance to protect the country and it is accepted that no other country on map can challenge United States in a war, then why do we still need a military person. Constitution says that â€Å"he may require the Opinion in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment† It says that the president has a power to grant pardons, then for what reasons judiciary is there for? And if a president can misuse his power to grant an undeserved individual then isn’t he liable to stand for his account? Moreover, Executive departments are not me ntioned, and why can’t they just refer their current heads of the departments for their check and balance. Constitution says that â€Å"He shall have Power, †¦ to make Treaties, †¦ and he shall nominate, and †¦ shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for†¦all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for† In this constitution, all the power is given to Congress indirectly because whatever decision the President take, has to be approved from the Congress then what is the need of President in between, this could directly be done by a committee formed by Congress. Constitution says that â€Å"he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may a djourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers† It says that a president is liable to call congress before leaving for their home as if they cannot decide for themselves, it is much about ceremonial power; and further more there could be other officials who could go and receive ambassadors, then why president is there to fill in the place. It is obvious that a President could be